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MITRE D3FEND™ Learning Center

D3-CDP — Change Default Password

Changing the default password means replacing the factory-set credentials with a strong, unique password before the device is deployed, preventing unauthorized access.

20Enterprise inferred
3ICS inferred
1Parent technique
3Related artifacts

Harden · D3FEND ontology 1.6.0 · Active

Open official technique ↗
Official D3FEND definition

Definition

Changing the default password means replacing the factory-set credentials with a strong, unique password before the device is deployed, preventing unauthorized access.

Official D3FEND knowledge-base content

How it works

Change the default password as soon as a new device is received. The default credentials are normally documented in an instruction manual that is either packaged with the device, published online through official means, or published online through unofficial means.

Considerations

  • These should be changed before a device is brought online so that an adversary cannot take advantage of these default credentials.
  • Strong and complex passwords are preferred if the technology allows.
Bare Metal Cyber interpretation

Implementation perspective

Change Default Password should be treated as a technical defensive capability rather than a product checkbox. In practice, teams should define the protected scope, the conditions under which the technique acts, and the observable evidence that demonstrates the intended behavior. For this technique, likely engineering context includes OT Controller, Password, User Account.

Use the technique to increase the effort, prerequisites, or constraints an adversary must overcome before exploitation or misuse succeeds.

Questions to ask

  • Which component, configuration, credential, interface, or behavior is being hardened?
  • What secure baseline or policy defines the intended state?
  • How are exceptions approved, time-limited, and reviewed?
  • How is the hardened state verified after deployment and significant change?

Evidence and validation

  • Approved hardening standards and configuration baselines
  • Automated configuration or integrity assessment results
  • Exception records with owners, rationale, and expiration dates
  • Test results demonstrating that the intended restriction is enforced

Common failure patterns

  • A secure setting is documented but not enforced consistently across the environment.
  • Hardening breaks required functions and is permanently weakened through undocumented exceptions.
  • Teams measure deployment of a product rather than verification of the hardened condition.

This implementation perspective is original Bare Metal Cyber educational content. It does not replace the official D3FEND definition or establish that a specific product implements the technique.

Ontology hierarchy

Technique hierarchy

Direct child techniques

None listed at this level.

D3FEND graph relationships

Artifacts and ontology entities

These relationships describe how D3FEND connects a defensive technique to artifacts or other ontology entities. They describe graph semantics, not a product certification.

Explicit technique relationships

hardensOT Controller
strengthensPassword
strengthensUser Account
Show inferred artifact relationship paths (3)
Change Default PasswordhardensOT Controller
Change Default PasswordstrengthensPassword
Change Default PasswordstrengthensUser Account
Inferred and experimental

Offensive-technique relationships

These relationships are generated from D3FEND graph paths and are explicitly experimental. They should be treated as hypotheses for defensive analysis—not as proof that the technique prevents, detects, or removes an offensive behavior.

ATT&CK Enterprise (20)
ATT&CK for ICS (3)
T0812Default CredentialsLateral Movement
T0848Rogue MasterInitial Access
T0859Valid AccountsLateral Movement, Persistence
Source record

Authoritative sources