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NIST SP 800-172 Enhanced CUI Protection Center

03.15.02E — Defense In Depth

Read the official CUI requirement and assessment content, then use the separately labeled Bare Metal Cyber perspective to connect it to implementation, evidence, and sustained operation.

2Parameters
1Source controls
3Assessment objectives
3Assessment methods

03.15 — Planning · NIST SP 800-172 Revision 3

Active
Official NIST requirement content

Security requirement

  1. a.Design the security architecture for the system using a defense-in-depth approach.
  2. b.Allocate [Organization-defined: security requirements] to [Organization-defined: architectural layers and locations].
  3. c.Ensure that the allocated requirements operate in a coordinated and mutually reinforcing manner.
Official NIST discussion

Discussion

Organizations strategically allocate security requirements and the associated protection mechanisms in the security architecture so that adversaries must overcome multiple defensive layers to achieve their objective. Requiring adversaries to defeat multiple defensive layers makes it more difficult to attack systems by increasing the work factor of the adversary. It also increases the likelihood of detection. Defense-in-depth architectural approaches include modularity and layering, the separation of system and user functionality, and security function isolation.

The coordination of allocated security requirements is essential to help ensure that an attack that involves one requirement does not create adverse, unintended consequences (e.g., system lockout and cascading alarms) by interfering with other requirements. The value of organizational assets and the impacts or consequences of loss are important considerations in providing additional defensive layers. This requirement does not enhance a specific requirement in SP 800-171 but can be used to strengthen the protection of CUI associated with critical programs or high value assets.

Official organization-defined parameters

Tailoring decisions required

Resolve these values through the governing organization’s approved tailoring and risk-management process before declaring the requirement implemented.

security requirementsorganization-defined security requirementssafeguards to be allocated to architectural layers and locations are defined.
architectural layers and locationsorganization-defined architectural layers and locationsarchitectural layers and locations are defined.
Official protection strategy classifications

Protection strategies supported

These classifications are carried from the official SP 800-172 OSCAL record and help explain the enhanced requirement’s defensive purpose.

PS-CRSCyber Resiliency
PS-PRAPenetration-Resistant Architecture
Bare Metal Cyber interpretation

Implementation perspective

Treat Defense In Depth as an enhanced CUI protection outcome for elevated threat conditions that must be reflected in the system boundary, documented implementation, operational behavior, and assessment evidence. Pay particular attention to accurate plans, architecture, rules of behavior, system boundaries, and lifecycle alignment for CUI protection.

  1. Confirm the federal agency selected this enhanced requirement for the critical program or high-value asset and identify the CUI system components, services, users, and external connections in scope.
  2. Resolve every organization-defined parameter through an approved governance and tailoring process.
  3. Map each clause of the requirement to an accountable owner, implementation mechanism, and evidence source.
  4. Verify that inherited and shared implementations are supported by current provider evidence and responsibility boundaries.
  5. Collect evidence during normal operation and review changes, exceptions, and deficiencies on a risk-based cadence.

Questions to ask

  • Which critical-program or high-value-asset CUI, data flows, users, and services are protected by this enhanced requirement?
  • Which portions are implemented locally, inherited, shared, or not applicable, and what evidence supports that determination?
  • Do the system security plan, deployed configuration, operating process, and assessment evidence tell the same story?
  • What change, incident, or threshold should trigger reassessment?

Evidence and validation

  • system security plans
  • architecture and data-flow diagrams
  • rules-of-behavior acknowledgments
  • plan review and approval records

Common failure patterns

  • plans copied from templates without system specificity
  • diagrams that do not match deployed services
  • inherited protection claimed without provider evidence
  • plans updated only before assessment
Official NIST SP 800-172A content

Assessment objectives and methods

Assessment objectives (3)
  1. a.

    the security architecture for the system is designed using a defense-in-depth approach.

  2. b.

    [Organization-defined: security requirements] are allocated to [Organization-defined: architectural layers and locations] .

  3. c.

    the security requirements allocated to the architectural layers and locations are coordinated and mutually reinforcing.

Examine

  • Security planning policy
  • procedures addressing information security architecture development
  • enterprise architecture documentation
  • information security architecture documentation
  • system security plan
  • security CONOPS for the system
  • other relevant documents or records

Interview

  • Personnel with information security responsibilities
  • personnel with information security architecture development responsibilities
  • personnel with security planning and plan implementation responsibilities

Test

  • Processes for designing the information security architecture
  • mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the design of the information security architecture
Official source-control relationships

Source NIST SP 800-53 controls

These controls are referenced by the official SP 800-172 Rev. 3 OSCAL record. Open the corresponding control pages for complete control text, enhancements, D3FEND mappings, and related learning.

Source record

Authoritative sources