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NIST SP 800-53 Learning Center

SA-23 — Specialization

Read the official control and assessment content, then use the separately labeled Bare Metal Cyber perspective to connect the requirement to implementation, evidence, and sustained operation.

0Enhancements
2Parameters
0Baseline memberships
3Assessment methods

SA — System and Services Acquisition · NIST SP 800-53 Release 5.2.0

Official NIST control content

Control statement

Employ [Organization-defined: sa-23_odp.01] on [Organization-defined: systems or system components] supporting mission essential services or functions to increase the trustworthiness in those systems or components.

Official NIST discussion

Discussion

It is often necessary for a system or system component that supports mission-essential services or functions to be enhanced to maximize the trustworthiness of the resource. Sometimes this enhancement is done at the design level. In other instances, it is done post-design, either through modifications of the system in question or by augmenting the system with additional components. For example, supplemental authentication or non-repudiation functions may be added to the system to enhance the identity of critical resources to other resources that depend on the organization-defined resources.

Official OSCAL parameters

Organization-defined parameters

These values must be resolved through the organization’s tailoring and governance process. Bracketed parameter references in the control text identify where a decision is required.

sa-23_odp.01
systems or system componentssystems or system components supporting mission-essential services or functions are defined;
Original Bare Metal Cyber perspective

From control text to operational evidence

Use Specialization as a testable risk decision. Translate the official statement into accountable people, repeatable processes, configured technology, and evidence that demonstrates the outcome over time. In this family, pay particular attention to secure acquisition, engineering, development lifecycle, supplier expectations, and system integrity by design.

Implementation workflow

  • Define the control boundary, responsible owner, inherited portions, and systems or processes in scope.
  • Resolve each organization-defined parameter before declaring the control implemented.
  • Document how the implementation satisfies every clause of the official control statement.
  • Collect evidence as a normal byproduct of operation rather than only before an assessment.
  • Review exceptions, changes, and monitoring results on a risk-based cadence.

Evidence examples

  • security requirements in contracts and specifications
  • architecture and design review records
  • development lifecycle evidence
  • supplier assessment and acceptance records

Common failure patterns

  • security requirements added after procurement
  • supplier claims accepted without evidence
  • development exceptions become permanent
  • security architecture not tied to testable requirements

Questions practitioners should ask

  • What risk decision is this control intended to support in this system?
  • Which parts are implemented locally, inherited, shared, or not applicable—and what evidence supports that decision?
  • Do the documented narrative, deployed configuration, operating process, and collected evidence agree?
  • What event or threshold requires the implementation to be reviewed or changed?
Official NIST SP 800-53A content

Assessment objectives and methods

Show the assessment objective

[Organization-defined: sa-23_odp.01] is employed on [Organization-defined: systems or system components] supporting essential services or functions to increase the trustworthiness in those systems or components.

Examine

  • System and services acquisition policy
  • procedures addressing design modification, augmentation, or reconfiguration of systems or system components
  • documented evidence of design modification, augmentation, or reconfiguration
  • system security plan
  • supply chain risk management plan
  • other relevant documents or records

Interview

  • Organizational personnel with system and service acquisition responsibilities
  • organizational personnel with information security responsibilities
  • organizational personnel with the responsibility for security architecture
  • organizational personnel responsible for configuration management

Test

  • Organizational processes for the modification of design, augmentation, or reconfiguration of systems or system components
  • mechanisms supporting and/or implementing design modification, augmentation, or reconfiguration of systems or system components
Official relationships

Related controls

These relationships come from the official OSCAL catalog. They indicate useful dependencies or context, not automatic inheritance or equivalence.

Source record

Authoritative sources