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MITRE D3FEND™ Learning Center

D3-AA — Agent Authentication

Agent authentication is the process of verifying the identities of agents to ensure they are authorized and trustworthy participants within a system.

38Enterprise inferred
4ICS inferred
5Direct children
6Related artifacts

Harden · D3FEND ontology 1.6.0 · Active

Open official technique ↗
Official D3FEND definition

Definition

Agent authentication is the process of verifying the identities of agents to ensure they are authorized and trustworthy participants within a system.

Bare Metal Cyber interpretation

Implementation perspective

Agent Authentication should be treated as a technical defensive capability rather than a product checkbox. In practice, teams should define the protected scope, the conditions under which the technique acts, and the observable evidence that demonstrates the intended behavior. For this technique, likely engineering context includes Access Token, Certificate, Credential, Password.

Use the technique to increase the effort, prerequisites, or constraints an adversary must overcome before exploitation or misuse succeeds.

Questions to ask

  • Which component, configuration, credential, interface, or behavior is being hardened?
  • What secure baseline or policy defines the intended state?
  • How are exceptions approved, time-limited, and reviewed?
  • How is the hardened state verified after deployment and significant change?

Evidence and validation

  • Approved hardening standards and configuration baselines
  • Automated configuration or integrity assessment results
  • Exception records with owners, rationale, and expiration dates
  • Test results demonstrating that the intended restriction is enforced

Common failure patterns

  • A secure setting is documented but not enforced consistently across the environment.
  • Hardening breaks required functions and is permanently weakened through undocumented exceptions.
  • Teams measure deployment of a product rather than verification of the hardened condition.

This implementation perspective is original Bare Metal Cyber educational content. It does not replace the official D3FEND definition or establish that a specific product implements the technique.

Ontology hierarchy

Technique hierarchy

D3FEND graph relationships

Artifacts and ontology entities

These relationships describe how D3FEND connects a defensive technique to artifacts or other ontology entities. They describe graph semantics, not a product certification.

Explicit technique relationships

authenticatesAgent
strengthensUser Account
Show inferred artifact relationship paths (5)
Agent AuthenticationstrengthensUser Account
Certificate-based AuthenticationreadsCertificate
Multi-factor AuthenticationusesCredential
Password AuthenticationusesPassword
Token-based AuthenticationusesAccess Token
Inferred and experimental

Offensive-technique relationships

These relationships are generated from D3FEND graph paths and are explicitly experimental. They should be treated as hypotheses for defensive analysis—not as proof that the technique prevents, detects, or removes an offensive behavior.

ATT&CK Enterprise (38)
T1003.003NTDSCredential AccessT1003.005Cached Domain CredentialsCredential AccessT1003.008/etc/passwd and /etc/shadowCredential AccessT1078Valid AccountsInitial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, StealthT1078.001Default AccountsInitial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, StealthT1078.002Domain AccountsInitial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, StealthT1078.003Local AccountsInitial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, StealthT1078.004Cloud AccountsInitial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, StealthT1087.001Local AccountDiscoveryT1087.002Domain AccountDiscoveryT1087.004Cloud AccountDiscoveryT1098Account ManipulationPersistence, Privilege EscalationT1098.001Additional Cloud CredentialsPersistence, Privilege EscalationT1098.002Additional Email Delegate PermissionsPersistence, Privilege EscalationT1098.003Additional Cloud RolesPersistence, Privilege EscalationT1110.001Password GuessingCredential AccessT1110.002Password CrackingCredential AccessT1110.003Password SprayingCredential AccessT1134.001Token Impersonation/TheftPrivilege Escalation, StealthT1134.002Create Process with TokenPrivilege Escalation, StealthT1134.003Make and Impersonate TokenPrivilege Escalation, StealthT1136Create AccountPersistenceT1136.001Local AccountPersistenceT1136.002Domain AccountPersistenceT1136.003Cloud AccountPersistence
T1142KeychainCredential Access
T1528Steal Application Access TokenCredential AccessT1531Account Access RemovalImpactT1539Steal Web Session CookieCredential AccessT1548.005Temporary Elevated Cloud AccessPrivilege EscalationT1550.001Application Access TokenLateral MovementT1550.004Web Session CookieLateral MovementT1552Unsecured CredentialsCredential AccessT1558Steal or Forge Kerberos TicketsCredential AccessT1558.001Golden TicketCredential AccessT1606Forge Web CredentialsCredential AccessT1606.001Web CookiesCredential AccessT1649Steal or Forge Authentication CertificatesCredential Access
ATT&CK for ICS (4)
T0812Default CredentialsLateral Movement
T0859Valid AccountsLateral Movement, Persistence
T0891Hardcoded CredentialsLateral Movement, Persistence
T0892Change CredentialInhibit Response Function
Source record

Authoritative sources