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NIST SP 800-53 Learning Center

CP-10 — System Recovery and Reconstitution

Read the official control and assessment content, then use the separately labeled Bare Metal Cyber perspective to connect the requirement to implementation, evidence, and sustained operation.

6Enhancements
3Parameters
3Baseline memberships
3Assessment methods

CP — Contingency Planning · NIST SP 800-53 Release 5.2.0

LowModerateHigh
Official NIST control content

Control statement

Provide for the recovery and reconstitution of the system to a known state within [Organization-defined: organization-defined time period consistent with recovery time and recovery point objectives] after a disruption, compromise, or failure.

Official NIST discussion

Discussion

Recovery is executing contingency plan activities to restore organizational mission and business functions. Reconstitution takes place following recovery and includes activities for returning systems to fully operational states. Recovery and reconstitution operations reflect mission and business priorities; recovery point, recovery time, and reconstitution objectives; and organizational metrics consistent with contingency plan requirements. Reconstitution includes the deactivation of interim system capabilities that may have been needed during recovery operations. Reconstitution also includes assessments of fully restored system capabilities, reestablishment of continuous monitoring activities, system reauthorization (if required), and activities to prepare the system and organization for future disruptions, breaches, compromises, or failures. Recovery and reconstitution capabilities can include automated mechanisms and manual procedures. Organizations establish recovery time and recovery point objectives as part of contingency planning.

Official OSCAL parameters

Organization-defined parameters

These values must be resolved through the organization’s tailoring and governance process. Bracketed parameter references in the control text identify where a decision is required.

organization-defined time period consistent with recovery time and recovery point objectives
time periodtime period consistent with recovery time and recovery point objectives for the recovery of the system is determined;
time periodtime period consistent with recovery time and recovery point objectives for the reconstitution of the system is determined;
Original Bare Metal Cyber perspective

From control text to operational evidence

Use System Recovery and Reconstitution as a testable risk decision. Translate the official statement into accountable people, repeatable processes, configured technology, and evidence that demonstrates the outcome over time. In this family, pay particular attention to resilient operations, recovery priorities, alternate capabilities, and tested restoration.

Implementation workflow

  • Define the control boundary, responsible owner, inherited portions, and systems or processes in scope.
  • Resolve each organization-defined parameter before declaring the control implemented.
  • Document how the implementation satisfies every clause of the official control statement.
  • Collect evidence as a normal byproduct of operation rather than only before an assessment.
  • Review exceptions, changes, and monitoring results on a risk-based cadence.

Evidence examples

  • contingency and recovery plans
  • backup success and restoration-test records
  • exercise after-action reports
  • alternate processing or communications agreements

Common failure patterns

  • backups never restored in testing
  • recovery priorities not tied to mission impact
  • plans dependent on unavailable people or facilities
  • exercise findings not tracked to closure

Questions practitioners should ask

  • What risk decision is this control intended to support in this system?
  • Which parts are implemented locally, inherited, shared, or not applicable—and what evidence supports that decision?
  • Do the documented narrative, deployed configuration, operating process, and collected evidence agree?
  • What event or threshold requires the implementation to be reviewed or changed?
Official NIST SP 800-53A content

Assessment objectives and methods

Show the assessment objective
  1. CP-10[01]the recovery of the system to a known state is provided within [Organization-defined: time period] after a disruption, compromise, or failure;
  2. CP-10[02]a reconstitution of the system to a known state is provided within [Organization-defined: time period] after a disruption, compromise, or failure.

Examine

  • Contingency planning policy
  • procedures addressing system backup
  • contingency plan
  • system backup test results
  • contingency plan test results
  • contingency plan test documentation
  • redundant secondary system for system backups
  • location(s) of redundant secondary backup system(s)
  • system security plan
  • other relevant documents or records

Interview

  • Organizational personnel with contingency planning, recovery, and/or reconstitution responsibilities
  • organizational personnel with information security responsibilities

Test

  • Organizational processes implementing system recovery and reconstitution operations
  • mechanisms supporting and/or implementing system recovery and reconstitution operations
Official relationships

Related controls

These relationships come from the official OSCAL catalog. They indicate useful dependencies or context, not automatic inheritance or equivalence.

Official NIST enhancements

Control enhancements

Enhancements add specificity, strength, or scope to the base control. Baseline badges show explicit selections in the official SP 800-53B OSCAL profiles.

Official NIST control enhancement

CP-10(1) — Contingency Plan Testing

Withdrawn

This enhancement is marked withdrawn in the official OSCAL catalog. Related-control metadata below may identify where its intent was incorporated.

Official NIST control enhancement

CP-10(2) — Transaction Recovery

ModerateHigh

Implement transaction recovery for systems that are transaction-based.

Official discussion

Transaction-based systems include database management systems and transaction processing systems. Mechanisms supporting transaction recovery include transaction rollback and transaction journaling.

Assessment objectives and methods

transaction recovery is implemented for systems that are transaction-based.

Examine

  • Contingency planning policy
  • procedures addressing system recovery and reconstitution
  • contingency plan
  • system design documentation
  • system configuration settings and associated documentation
  • contingency plan test documentation
  • contingency plan test results
  • system transaction recovery records
  • system audit records
  • system security plan
  • other relevant documents or records

Interview

  • Organizational personnel with responsibility for transaction recovery
  • organizational personnel with information security responsibilities

Test

  • Mechanisms supporting and/or implementing transaction recovery capability
Official NIST control enhancement

CP-10(3) — Compensating Security Controls

Withdrawn

Addressed through tailoring.

Official NIST control enhancement

CP-10(4) — Restore Within Time Period

High

Provide the capability to restore system components within [Organization-defined: restoration time periods] from configuration-controlled and integrity-protected information representing a known, operational state for the components.

Official discussion

Restoration of system components includes reimaging, which restores the components to known, operational states.

Organization-defined parameters (1)
restoration time periodsrestoration time period within which to restore system components to a known, operational state is defined;
Assessment objectives and methods

the capability to restore system components within [Organization-defined: restoration time periods] from configuration-controlled and integrity-protected information representing a known, operational state for the components is provided.

Examine

  • Contingency planning policy
  • procedures addressing system recovery and reconstitution
  • contingency plan
  • system design documentation
  • system configuration settings and associated documentation
  • contingency plan test documentation
  • contingency plan test results
  • evidence of system recovery and reconstitution operations
  • system security plan
  • other relevant documents or records

Interview

  • Organizational personnel with system recovery and reconstitution responsibilities
  • organizational personnel with information security responsibilities

Test

  • Mechanisms supporting and/or implementing the recovery/reconstitution of system information
Related controls
Official NIST control enhancement

CP-10(5) — Failover Capability

Withdrawn

This enhancement is marked withdrawn in the official OSCAL catalog. Related-control metadata below may identify where its intent was incorporated.

Official NIST control enhancement

CP-10(6) — Component Protection

Protect system components used for recovery and reconstitution.

Official discussion

Protection of system recovery and reconstitution components (i.e., hardware, firmware, and software) includes physical and technical controls. Backup and restoration components used for recovery and reconstitution include router tables, compilers, and other system software.

Assessment objectives and methods

system components used for recovery and reconstitution are protected.

Examine

  • Contingency planning policy
  • procedures addressing system recovery and reconstitution
  • contingency plan
  • system design documentation
  • system configuration settings and associated documentation
  • logical access credentials
  • physical access credentials
  • logical access authorization records
  • physical access authorization records
  • system security plan
  • other relevant documents or records

Interview

  • Organizational personnel with system recovery and reconstitution responsibilities
  • organizational personnel with information security responsibilities

Test

  • Organizational processes for protecting backup and restoration of hardware, firmware, and software
  • mechanisms supporting and/or implementing protection of backups and restoration of hardware, firmware, and software
Related controls
Source record

Authoritative sources