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MITRE D3FEND™ Learning Center

D3-CIA — Container Image Analysis

Analyzing a Container Image with respect to a set of policies.

27Enterprise inferred
9ICS inferred
1Parent technique
2Related artifacts

Model · D3FEND ontology 1.6.0 · Active

Open official technique ↗
Official D3FEND definition

Definition

Analyzing a Container Image with respect to a set of policies.

Official D3FEND knowledge-base content

How it works

Container images are standalone collections of the executable code and content that are used to populate a container environment. They are usually created by either building a container from scratch or by building on top of an existing image pulled from a repository.

Throughout the container build workflow, images should be scanned to identify:

Scanning should also provide the flexibility to disregard false positives for vulnerability detection where knowledgeable cybersecurity professionals have deemed alerts to be inaccurate.

One approach to implementing image scanning is to use an admission controller to block deployments if the image does not comply with the organization's security policies.

An admission controller is a Container Orchestration feature that can intercept and process requests to the Container Orchestration API prior to persistence of the object, but after the request is authenticated and authorized. A webhook can be implemented to scan any image before it is deployed in the orchestrator. This admission controller

  • outdated libraries,
  • known vulnerabilities,
  • or misconfigurations, such as insecure ports or permissions.

Considerations

files to the Image.

  • Image scanning is key to ensuring deployed containers are secure.
  • Using trusted repositories to build containers is a critical part of the container build workflow.
  • This technique does not necessarily prevent the build process to add insecure or unsecured
Bare Metal Cyber interpretation

Implementation perspective

Container Image Analysis should be treated as a technical defensive capability rather than a product checkbox. In practice, teams should define the protected scope, the conditions under which the technique acts, and the observable evidence that demonstrates the intended behavior. For this technique, likely engineering context includes Container Image, Software.

Use the technique to improve the shared model of systems, activities, dependencies, threats, or risk before making defensive decisions.

Questions to ask

  • What system, activity, relationship, or risk is being modeled, and where is the scope boundary?
  • Which authoritative data sources populate the model, and how is their quality assessed?
  • How often is the model refreshed after architectural, operational, or threat changes?
  • Which decisions, analyses, or engineering actions are expected to use the model?

Evidence and validation

  • Documented model scope, assumptions, and ownership
  • Source inventories, data-quality checks, and refresh records
  • Version history showing material changes to the model
  • Examples of decisions or analyses that used the model

Common failure patterns

  • The model is treated as a one-time diagram rather than a maintained decision aid.
  • Unverified or stale source data is accepted without recording uncertainty.
  • The model is comprehensive in appearance but disconnected from engineering or operational decisions.

This implementation perspective is original Bare Metal Cyber educational content. It does not replace the official D3FEND definition or establish that a specific product implements the technique.

Ontology hierarchy

Technique hierarchy

Top-level family

Direct child techniques

None listed at this level.

D3FEND graph relationships

Artifacts and ontology entities

These relationships describe how D3FEND connects a defensive technique to artifacts or other ontology entities. They describe graph semantics, not a product certification.

Explicit technique relationships

analyzesContainer Image
Show inferred artifact relationship paths (2)
Asset Vulnerability EnumerationevaluatesSoftware
Container Image AnalysisanalyzesContainer Image
Inferred and experimental

Offensive-technique relationships

These relationships are generated from D3FEND graph paths and are explicitly experimental. They should be treated as hypotheses for defensive analysis—not as proof that the technique prevents, detects, or removes an offensive behavior.

ATT&CK Enterprise (27)
ATT&CK for ICS (9)
T0811Data from Information RepositoriesCollection
T0817Drive-by CompromiseInitial Access
T0839Module FirmwareImpair Process Control, Persistence
T0843Program DownloadLateral Movement
T0845Program UploadCollection
T0851RootkitEvasion, Inhibit Response Function
T0873Project File InfectionPersistence
T0889Modify ProgramPersistence
T0894System Binary Proxy ExecutionEvasion
Source record

Authoritative sources